Conductivity and Ion Concentration Detection in Microfluidic Devices

• A novel microfluidic sensor integrates impedance spectroscopy with microelectrode arrays for real-time ion concentration detection. • The sensor exhibits a linear response from 0.1 mM to 100 mM with a detection limit of 0.1 mM and response time under 5 seconds. • The miniaturized design enables integration into lab-on-a-chip systems, reducing sample volume to microliters. • The method demonstrates high reproducibility and stability, making it suitable for point-of-care diagnostics and environmental monitoring.