Comparative Analysis of Safety, Effectiveness, and Cost-Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: A Network Meta-Analysis

• Xingnaojing injection demonstrated the highest probability of improving neurological function in ischemic stroke patients, with a SUCRA value of 0.85. • All evaluated TCM injections had comparable safety profiles, with no significant increase in adverse events compared to conventional therapy. • Cost-effectiveness analysis favored Xingnaojing injection as the most cost-effective option in the Chinese healthcare context. • The findings support the use of TCM injections as adjunctive therapy for ischemic stroke, but highlight the need for more rigorous, large-scale trials.