• circ_0006156 is significantly overexpressed in ESCC tissues and cell lines, correlating with poor patient survival.
• circ_0006156 acts as a sponge for miR-202-5p, relieving its suppression of TGFBR1 and activating the TGFβ/Smad pathway.
• Silencing circ_0006156 inhibits ESCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth in vivo, suggesting a therapeutic target.
• circ_0006156 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ESCC.
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