Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Effects, and Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

• • The 'yt|' compound exhibited an IC50 of 12.5 μM against cancer cell lines, with a 45% reduction in tumor growth in vitro and 30% in vivo, indicating potent anticancer activity that warrants further clinical development. • • HPLC fingerprinting achieved a similarity index >0.95 for authentic TCM samples, providing a reliable quality control method to detect adulteration and ensure batch-to-batch consistency. • • The main active components (flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins) demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects at concentrations as low as 5 μg/mL, supporting their therapeutic potential in chronic diseases. • • A meta-analysis of 28 studies revealed a pooled effect size of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.65-0.85) for TCM in improving clinical outcomes, with no significant heterogeneity (I²=30%), suggesting consistent efficacy across diverse formulations.