• Breast cancer organoids recapitulate tumor heterogeneity and microenvironment, offering a superior platform for drug sensitivity testing compared to traditional 2D cell lines.
• Organoid-based drug screening has shown clinical promise in guiding personalized chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy for breast cancer patients.
• Current limitations include low establishment efficiency, lack of vascularization, and incomplete mimicry of in vivo metabolic microenvironment, hindering clinical translation.
• Future advances in culture techniques and co-culture systems are essential to enhance the reliability and applicability of breast cancer organoids in precision oncology.