• Gastrodia elata extract significantly reduces airway inflammation in OVA-induced allergic asthma mice.
• GE extract attenuates airway remodeling, including goblet cell hyperplasia and collagen deposition.
• The anti-inflammatory effects are associated with downregulation of Th2 cytokines and TGF-β1.
• GE extract inhibits NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways, providing a molecular mechanism for its therapeutic effects.