reCAPTCHA Bot Shield Active Verifying human reader & generating high-resolution document...
Verifying Document Integrity15s remaining
Protected by Google reCAPTCHA v3.•Privacy•Terms Key Findings in This Report
• Macrophage depletion reduces neurogenic heterotopic ossification volume by approximately 90%.
• Fibro-adipogenic progenitor pathological reprogramming is driven by substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, oncostatin M/JAK/STAT, IL-1β, and lipopolysaccharide.
• Hypoxia-angiogenesis signaling via HIF-1α/VEGF is a critical mechanism.
• Animal models include spinal cord injury (cardiotoxin, denervation, tendon injury, lipopolysaccharide) and traumatic brain injury (free fall, controlled cortical impact, fluid percussion plus peripheral trauma).