A customizable vascular network biomimetic design for nutrient supply in large-scale engineering tissues

• The developmental biomimetic vascular network design method enhances nutrient-sufficient volume and supply efficiency in engineered tissues. • Metabolic activity distance is used as a core parameter, integrating biological principles with structural generation and design with functional simulation. • The method is applicable to complex shapes and cavity structures, such as kidney-shaped and alveolar-shaped models. • Compared to hierarchical methods, the biomimetic approach improves nutrient-sufficient volume and unit volume nutrient contribution by 25.53%.