• 3D printed PLA/PDA/NBIF scaffolds exhibit sustained drug release for over 14 days and enhanced mechanical properties.
• The scaffolds promote osteoblast proliferation, migration, and differentiation while inhibiting osteoclast differentiation.
• Surface modification with polydopamine improves cytocompatibility and bioactivity of 3D printed scaffolds.
• The dual regulatory effect on osteoblasts and osteoclasts suggests potential for effective bone regeneration.