Stem Cell Research & Therapy•2024•DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03990-z
Dental diseases such as caries and periodontitis have been common public health problems. Dental disease treatment can be achieved through stem cell-based dental regeneration. Biophysical cues determine the fate of stem cells and govern the success of dental regeneration. Some studies have manifested exosomes derived from stem cells could not only inherit biophysical signals in microenvironment but also evade some issues in the treatment with stem cells. Nowadays, biophysical cue-regulated exosomes become another promising therapy in dental regenerative medicine. However, methods to improve the efficacy of exosome therapy and the underlying mechanisms are still unresolved. In this review, the association between biophysical cues and dental diseases was summarized. We retrospected the role of exosomes regulated by biophysical cues in curing dental diseases and promoting dental regeneration. Our research also delved into the mechanisms by which biophysical cues control the biogenesis, release, and uptake of exosomes, as well as potential methods to enhance the effectiveness of exosomes. The aim of this review was to underscore the important place biophysical cue-regulated exosomes occupy in the realm of dentistry, and to explore novel targets for dental diseases.
Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs•2026•DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.16.20261604
Processing-induced alterations in the material basis of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were systematically interrogated using UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. In vitro profiling of raw and steamed Rhei Radix et Rhizoma identified 201 constituents, comprising 45 anthraquinones, 43 tannins, 52 flavonoids, 21 stilbenes, 12 phenolic acids, 7 phenylpropanoids, 3 chromones, 2 aromatic aldehydes, and 16 miscellaneous compounds. Twenty-three components exhibited significant differential abundance (P < 0.05) following steaming: seven, including chrysophanol, gallic acid, and catechin, were significantly upregulated, whereas sixteen, including aloe-emodin-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, sennoside A, and proanthocyanidins, were significantly downregulated. Serum pharmacochemistry identified 94 migrated components, encompassing 36 prototype compounds and 58 metabolites, with 11 differential constituents detected in vivo between raw and steamed preparations. Steamed Rhei Radix et Rhizoma displayed elevated serum concentrations of select prototypes and metabolites, notably the tannin monomer gallic acid and phase-II anthraquinone metabolites, relative to the raw form. These findings demonstrate that steaming drives the conversion of bound anthraquinones to free aglycones, depolymerization of hydrolyzable tannins into monomeric units, and dynamic interconversion between condensed tannins and flavonoid aglycones. The processing-induced chemical transformation profile provides a mechanistic foundation for the differential therapeutic indications of raw versus steamed Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, supporting quality control strategies and clinical differentiation in purgative versus blood-activating applications.