Increased neutrophil senescence is associated with impaired immunosuppressive activity in systemic lupus erythematosus

• • Senescence-like neutrophils (CXCR4hiCD62Llo) are significantly elevated in SLE peripheral blood compared to healthy donors, with proportions positively correlating with disease activity and autoantibody titers; this establishes a candidate biomarker for monitoring SLE severity, potentially enabling earlier intervention. • • Despite excessive ROS expression in lupus mice, senescence-like neutrophils exhibit significantly lower ROS production capacity than controls, leading to compromised suppression of NK and CD4+ T cell proinflammatory activity; this functional impairment may drive the proinflammatory state in SLE, highlighting a therapeutic target to restore immunosuppression. • • The study did not compare NET release between senescence-like and non-senescent neutrophils from SLE patients due to proinflammatory effects of NETs; future work will confirm NET release, which is critical because NETs contain autoantigens and could confound the suppressive phenotype. • • Sample size was relatively small and patients were on diverse treatments, introducing potential confounding; validation in larger, treatment-naïve cohorts is required to establish robustness and clinical utility of senescence-like neutrophils as biomarkers.